Gregory Kielma • October 21, 2023
223 Remington/5.56 x 45mm NATO Cartridge
223 Remington/5.56 x 45mm NATO Cartridge
Hey Gregory,
Today's workbench is written by guest contributor and AGI Certified Gunsmith and GCA Moderator Robert Dunn:
There isn’t a day of my life that goes by that I don’t work with, reload, think or write about the .223 Remington and 5.56 NATO cartridges. Those cartridges are what a couple of my favorite and most used rifles are chambered for.
When I worked in an ammunition factory, I would sometimes get paid in .223 ammunition. When I was growing up in the early 1970s I became familiar with the .223 Remington cartridge, as it was the new round being used by our Armed Forces.
Warfighters throughout the world had realized the advantage of automatic firepower, but finding the perfect firearm and cartridge design is a huge challenge. In the case of the .223 Remington, many sources helped bring this cartridge into use by both civilians and the military.
Eugene Stoner of ArmaLite (then a division of Fairchild Industries) had gained the attention of the Military with his 7.62 x 51mm chambered AR-10 rifle. Like many high powered rifles, the AR-10 was hard to control during automatic fire.
Consequently, Fairchild Industries and Stoner were asked to scale down the AR-10 to fire a smaller caliber cartridge. Stoner came up with a prototype AR-15 and after a demonstration for the army, he was asked to produce more rifles for testing in 1957.
Select engineers and other companies like Remington Arms, Winchester as well as ArmaLite were asked to take part in developing this project. Springfield Armory’s Earle Harvey lengthened the .222 Remington case to the required specifications and it became the .224 Springfield, which was commercially known as the .222 Remington Magnum.
Frank Snow (of Sierra Bullets) and Eugene Stoner calculated the ballistics data for the .222 Remington to find the best bullet for the project, which ended up being a 55 grain bullet. Meanwhile, the Technical Editor for Gun and Ammo magazine, Robert Hutton, worked up a propellant recipe that could attain a velocity of 3,300 fps. Ultimately, Remington came up with the .222 Special cartridge, which was later renamed the .223 Remington because there were so many .222 designations.
Just a few of the military requirements for the firearm and cartridges were that they needed to be able to penetrate one side of a US Steel helmet at 500 yards, had to be able to exceed supersonic speed at 500 yards, had to be .22 caliber and select fire. From years of research and development of the AR-10 and AR-15, ArmaLite was facing financial difficulties and sold the rights for the rifles to Colt in 1959.
The AR-15 and the T44E4 rifle that would later be known as the M14 were being testing at the same time. To make a long story short, it was found that the AR-15 had far less failures per 1,000 rounds fired and that riflemen had a higher hit probability when firing Stoner’s rifle.
After Air Force General Curtis Le May test fired the AR-15, he ordered a batch of AR-15s to replace some of the M2 carbines that the Air Force was using. As the trials and testing continued, it was found that during marksmanship testing that many more men were achieving Expert shooting status with the AR-15 than they were with the M14. With these findings and the failure rate of the AR-15 going down even further, General Le May placed an order for 80,000 rifles in 1961.
In 1962, Remington filed the specs for the .223 Remington cartridge with SAAMI (Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturer’s Institute) and the cartridge was later marketed commercially as a chambering for the Remington 760 rifle in 1963.
At this point in time, the United States was embroiled in the conflicts arising in Southeast Asia. It was politically decided that contracts for rifle manufacturing could be bid on by the private sector and Colt was awarded the contract to provide AR-15 rifles to fill orders for the Vietnam War.
The AR-15 rifle and the .223 Remington cartridge were formally adopted in 1964 and designated the XM16E1 rifle, commonly referred to as the M16, and the 5.56 Ball M193 cartridge. It was decided that the South Vietnamese troops would be supplied with the M16 rifle. Eventually, the Air Force, the US Army, Special Forces, the Coast Guard, the US Navy, the Marines as well as the SEAL teams had orders in for M16 rifles and cartridges. In 1965, Colt received orders for 800,000 M16E1 rifle and over 28,000 M16 rifles.
The M16 and the 5.56 Ball ammo would go through some major growing pains as the rifles and cartridges were issued to troops in Vietnam. Besides not being trained on how to properly clean the gun, the rifle suffered from many types of jams and failures.
Broken extractors and extractor springs accounted for many ejection failures and through more research, it was found that the propellant being used in the cartridges was creating horrific fouling of the gas and bolt system. The ball powder that was being used also created a longer pressure spike, which caused the case to expand in the chamber but it would not contract enough to be extracted.
The extractor would simply tear through the case rim, leaving the stuck case in the chamber. By using a different propellant, chrome plating the barrels and replacing the buffer with a new design that slowed down the cyclic rate, along with some other design changes, the problems were gradually sorted out. Unfortunately many American lives were lost because of these errors.
The process of selecting a smaller cartridge for use by NATO forces began in 1960. The cartridge design was based on the .223 Remington cartridge and its development was placed in the hands of FN Herstal. The rimless bottlenecked cartridge was named the 5.56 x 54mm NATO cartridge.
In 1980, the 5.56 NATO cartridge became the standard NATO rifle cartridge (known as the SS109 for NATO and the M855 for the United States). The 5.56mm cartridges allowed the soldier to be able to carry more ammunition, which equated to more firepower and logistically many more rounds could be transported to hot spots around the world by weight than the larger 7.62 NATO cartridges. On a global scale this can equal a savings of millions of dollars.
The number of firearms that are chambered for the 5.56 NATO cartridge is too numerous to list here. Just think about all of the different squad automatic weapons, rifles, carbines and machine guns that each NATO country uses…that is a lot of different weapons!
The Frankford Arsenal, Remington and Winchester produced the first lots of .223 ammunition for the United States Armed Forces. During the trials and testing of the AR-15, 19 Million .223 cartridges were purchased. When a cartridge does well for the military, the Law Enforcement and civilian communities usually follows their lead. If you have ever read the 27 page document for the military specifications for the M855 cartridge (5.56 x 54mm), you can see that heavy scrutiny has already been applied to the 5.56mm round!
The .223 Remington cartridge has become one of the most used cartridges in the United States. It is a great varmint and predator cartridge and could be used for larger game if need be by loading a heavier bullet like a Hornady GMX or Barnes TSX 70-grain projectiles. These slower moving heavier bullets seem to do quite well in windy conditions. The above attributes make the 5.56mm round a flexible survival cartridge too.
You may have noticed or even been annoyed by the interchanging .223/5.56 terminology, here are of the important similarities and difference between the two cartridges. The case dimensions are exactly the same, though case thickness/propellant capacity can vary significantly between manufacturers which will have an effect on the resulting pressures.
The 5.56 x 45mm NATO or other military 5.56 ammo tends to be loaded hotter, so chamber pressures will be greater than the typical .223 Remington load. For this reason, .223 Remington rounds can be safely fired in a 5.56 chambered gun but 5.56mm ammo should not be fired in a .223 Rem chambered gun.
The reason for this really comes down to the differences in the chamber dimensions between .223 and 5.56 barrels. The throat/free bore and leade of a 5.56mm chamber is longer. The throat of the chamber is the unrifled section of the chamber just forward of the neck and gives the bullet a place to sit. Leade or lead is the section of the bore of a rifled barrel located just ahead of the throat of the chamber. It is a conical shaped transition from end of the throat to the fully rifled part of the barrel.
In an effort to gain more accuracy from the 5.56mm NATO cartridge, Bill Wylde created the .223 Wylde, which is a chamber design that utilizes the same external dimensions and lead angle of a 5.56 NATO cartridge and the freebore diameter of the .223 Remington cartridge. Another company that uses a proprietary chamber design to achieve better accuracy from the 5.56mm NATO cartridge is Noveske. A Noveske barrel is not cheap but they are known for their precision and high quality products.
SAAMI specs are followed by manufacturers in the U.S. loading .223 Remington ammo but those same manufacturers who also load 5.56 ammo do not follow SAAMI specs because the 5.56 rounds are loaded to military specifications and thus not held to SAAMI specs. In Europe, the international organization C.I.P. tests and sets the safety standards for firearms and ammunition. In countries that are regulated by the C.I.P., .223 Remington ammunition is proof tested at the same maximum service pressure as the 5.56 x 54mm NATO cartridges.
There have been a lot of challenges that had to be met throughout the history of the AR-15 and the 5.56 x 54mm cartridge. The twist rate of a barrel and the chamber dimensions greatly effect performance and accuracy. The shorter barreled M4 carbines and the requests for even shorter barrel lengths coming from the Special Forces communities have kept firearms and ammunition engineers busy. At this point in time, the AR-15 style rifles and the .223 Rem and 5.56 NATO cartridges offer a very reliable and accurate shooting platform.
The AR-15 rifle and .223/5.56 cartridge combination have gone through many changes together. They are still being used by our Military/Law Enforcement and civilian populations to good affect every day. This combo is a must for 3-gun competition. The .223 Remington cartridge is not overly expensive and there is always a wide variety of ammunition to choose from. There is a lot of surplus ammo to select from as well. Many other firearms are chambered in .223 Rem besides the AR-15 type guns.
The 5.56mm round is a good cartridge to reload for, as there is a huge variety of quality components to choose from as well. In 1964, the year I was born, these cartridges were the new warfighting cartridge and the US Armed Forces began using them. It’s easy for me to remember how many years these cartridges have been in use!
Become an American Gunsmith and continue to preserve our Firearm’s Heritage!
Robert Dunn,
Gunsmith & Community Moderator
American Gunsmithing Institute
Gunsmithing Club of America
A Look at My Private Outdoor Range at Nuwer Ranch Gregg Kielma At Tactical K Training and Firearms, our outdoor private shooting range at Nuwer Ranch is built around one core principle: providing a safe, focused, and comfortable environment where every student can grow their skills with confidence. Nestled quietly in the Florida landscape, the range offers a private, controlled setting that supports everything from first time shooters to seasoned firearm owners looking to refine their technique. Currently a handgun range, some rifles are welcome with Gregg Kielma’s approval. Our new 200-yard and 50-yard pistol ranges, at the same current location, are set to open in early 2026, with sporting clays added later this year. To shoot at our range, you must complete either the CCW or safety class—no exceptions. Costs are relatively inexpensive, 15.00 per day and you must sign up on the website. Please do not just show up. Currently we can accommodate 15 shooters per secession and hours are 10 AM-4PM the third Saturday of the month. The schedule is on this the website. As we open the new range days and time will change with more availability. The current layout is intentionally simple and practical, it’s in a cow field, so if cows or manure offends you this isn’t the place currently for you. Our comfortable shooting tables, solid backstops, and a natural outdoor setting create a space where students can concentrate on fundamentals without distractions. Whether we’re working on basic marksmanship, firearm handling, or more advanced drills, the range is designed to support real world, applicable training. Safety is always at the center of operations with all instruction at Tactical K Training and Firearms, safety is the foundation of every session. The open-air environment allows for excellent visibility, natural space, and a calm atmosphere where students can learn at a comfortable pace. Every drill, every demonstration, and every round fired is guided by instructor's and team members with years of structured, disciplined, and responsible firearm practices. We offer a comfortable, personal experience unlike large public ranges, our outdoor space offers a relaxed, welcoming environment where students feel at ease asking questions and taking their time. The smaller setting allows for personalized instruction and a more meaningful learning experience — something many shooters appreciate, especially those new to firearms. Tactical K Training and Firearms core mission is building confidence, one skill at a time as my team's goal is simple: help every student leave with stronger skills, greater confidence, and a deeper understanding of safe firearm handling. The range is more than a place to shoot — it’s a place to learn, grow, and build the kind of competence that lasts. Gregg Kielma
Tactical K Training and Firearms A GunSkins Dealer and Professional Installer The Benefits of Gun Skins: Protection, Personalization, and Practicality Gregg Kielma In recent years, gun skins—vinyl wraps were designed to cover and protect a firearm’s exterior—have become increasingly popular among shooters of all backgrounds. While some view them as purely cosmetic, gun skins offer a range of practical benefits that go far beyond appearance. For many responsible gun owners, they’ve become a smart investment in both function and longevity. Tactical K Training and Firearms is a GunSkins Dealer and professional installer. Call me if you're interested in giving your firearm a new look! Below are my thoughts on GunSkins and the benefit of protecting your firearm and the versatility of changing the look when you desire. Kielma says, Let's Take a LOOK 1. Enhanced Protection for Your Firearm Firearms are tools, and tools see wear. Whether you’re training regularly, carrying daily, or storing a firearm in challenging environments, the finish can take a beating. Gun skins help by: • Shielding the firearm’s exterior from scratches, scuffs, and minor abrasions • Adding a layer of protection against moisture and corrosion • Preserving the original finish, which helps maintain long-term value For shooters who train hard or carry often, this protective layer can make a noticeable difference over time. 2. Customization Without Permanent Modification One of the biggest advantages of gun skins is the ability to personalize a firearm without committing to a permanent change. Unlike Cerakote or engraving, skins can be: • Applied quickly • Removed cleanly • Swapped out for new designs as preferences change This makes them ideal for shooters who want a unique look without altering the firearm’s factory finish. 3. Improved Grip and Handling Many gun skins add a subtle texture that enhances grip without being overly aggressive. This can be especially helpful in: • Wet or humid environments • High-stress training scenarios • Situations where gloves are worn Better grip means better control, and better control means safer, more consistent shooting. 4. Camouflage and Field Utility For hunters and outdoorsmen, gun skins offer practical concealment benefits. A well-chosen pattern can: • Break up the outline of the firearm • Reduce glare • Blend the firearm into specific environments (woodland, desert, marsh, etc.) This is particularly valuable for hunters who want every advantage in the field. 5. Cost-Effective Aesthetic Upgrades Compared to refinishing or custom coatings, gun skins are an affordable way to refresh the look of a firearm. They allow owners to: • Modernize older firearms • Match gear or loadouts • Create themed builds without high costs It’s a simple upgrade that delivers a big visual impact. 6. Easy Maintenance and Reversibility Gun skins are designed to be durable but removable. If a skin becomes worn or damaged, it can be replaced without affecting the firearm underneath. This makes maintenance straightforward and stress-free. Is GunSkins Right for YOU? Kielma's Final Thoughts Gun skins offer a blend of protection, personalization, and practicality that appeals to both new shooters and seasoned professionals. Whether you’re looking to preserve your firearm, enhance its performance, or simply give it a fresh look, gun skins provide a flexible and cost-effective solution.
Understanding .380 ACP, 9mm, and .45 ACP: A Practical Comparison for Modern Shooters Gregg Kielma The right caliber depends on your needs and shooting style. Your choice affects recoil and muzzle flip, both of which you must manage for accuracy. Let's Take a LOOK Handgun calibers have evolved dramatically over the last century, but three cartridges continue to dominate the conversation for personal protection and everyday carry: .380 ACP, 9mm, and .45 ACP. Each brings its own strengths, limitations, and ideal use cases. Whether you’re a new gun owner, a concealed carrier, or a student in a defensive pistol class, understanding how these calibers differ helps you make informed, confident decisions. .380 ACP: Compact, Manageable, and Purpose Built for Concealment Introduced by John Browning in 1908, the .380 ACP (also known as 9mm Short or 9mm Browning) was designed for small, lightweight pistols that are easy to conceal. Its mild recoil and compact firearm platforms make it a popular choice for those who prioritize comfort and concealability. Strengths • Low recoil, easy to control under stress • Ideal for pocket pistols and ultra compact carry guns • Comfortable for new shooters or those sensitive to recoil Limitations • Lower velocity and energy compared to 9mm and .45 ACP • Reduced penetration and expansion, depending on ammunition choice • Best suited for close range defensive encounters Despite its smaller size, modern ammunition has improved the .380’s performance, making it a viable defensive option when shot placement and training are prioritized. 9mm Luger: The Modern Standard for Defense and Duty The 9mm has become the dominant defensive handgun caliber worldwide — and for good reason. It offers an excellent balance of recoil, capacity, and ballistic performance. Modern hollow point technology has significantly improved its effectiveness, narrowing the gap between 9mm and larger calibers. Strengths • Manageable recoil with fast follow up shots • Higher magazine capacity compared to .45 ACP • Wide availability and lower cost • Strong performance with modern defensive ammunition Limitations • Slightly more recoil than .380 ACP • Performance varies depending on barrel length and ammo selection For most shooters, 9mm represents the best blend of shootability, effectiveness, and practicality. It’s the go to choice for law enforcement, military, and civilian carriers alike. .45 ACP: Heavy, Slow, and Proven Developed in 1904, the .45 ACP has earned a legendary reputation for its stopping power and large permanent wound channels. It fires a heavy 230 grain bullet at moderate velocity, producing a distinct recoil impulse that experienced shooters often describe as a “push” rather than a “snap.” Strengths • Large bullet diameter and strong terminal performance • Consistent expansion with modern hollow points • Long history of reliability in defensive use Limitations • Lower magazine capacity • Heavier recoil, especially in compact pistols • Larger, heavier firearms While 9mm has become the modern standard, .45 ACP still appeals to shooters who prefer a big bore option and are comfortable managing its recoil. Side by Side Comparison .380 ACP 9mm .45 ACP Recoil Light Moderate Heavy Capacity High (small gun) High Lower Penetration Lowest Strong Strong Expansion Moderate Strong Very strong Usage Deep concealment General carry Big bore carry, home defense Which Caliber Is “Best”? There is no universal best caliber — only the best caliber for the shooter and the mission. As the sources emphasize, choosing between .380, 9mm, and .45 ACP depends on factors like recoil tolerance, firearm size, concealment needs, and personal comfort. Kielma's General Guidance and Parting Shot • Choose .380 ACP if you need maximum concealability and minimal recoil. • Choose 9mm if you want the best all around defensive option with excellent capacity and performance. • Choose .45 ACP if you prefer a heavy hitting round and don’t mind a larger gun. Gregg Kielma
How to Pick the Right Firearm: A Smart, Safe Approach for New Owners, Students and The Seasoned Shooter Gregg Kielma As an FFL and Firearms Instructor, students or prospective new firearm owners ask me, what's the best gun for me? That's not a difficult question to answer, however, it's one that needs questions answered to pick the correct caliber that's the perfect fit for you and your shooting styles. Choosing a firearm is a personal decision that blends purpose, comfort, and responsibility. With so many options on the market, the process can feel overwhelming—but a thoughtful, structured approach makes it far easier and far safer. Start With Your Purpose • Every good decision begins with why. Your intended use will narrow the field quickly: • Home defense often calls for simplicity, reliability, and ease of use. • Concealed carry requires a firearm that balances concealability with shootability. • Hunting or sport shooting may demand specific calibers, barrel lengths, or action types. • Training and skill development might prioritize ergonomics and affordability. • Knowing your purpose prevents impulse buys and ensures the firearm truly fits your needs. Fit and Comfort Matter • A firearm should feel like an extension of your hand. When evaluating options: • Check the grip size and angle. • Ensure you can reach the controls naturally. • Pay attention to weight and balance. • Look for a sight picture that feels intuitive. • If it’s uncomfortable in the store, it won’t magically improve on the range. Test Before You Buy • Whenever possible, shoot the firearm before purchasing. Many ranges rent popular models, giving you a chance to evaluate: • Recoil management • Trigger feel • Accuracy and control • Overall confidence and comfort • Real-world experience beats guessing every time. Prioritize Safety and Training • The “right” firearm is only as effective as the person using it. Responsible ownership includes: • Learning safe handling habits • Understanding your firearm’s operation • Practicing regularly • Storing it securely • A well chosen firearm paired with proper training is the foundation of safe, confident ownership. Reliability and Quality Purchase a firearm with a reputable history that's known for durability and consistent performance. A reliable firearm isn’t just a preference—it’s a necessity. If you're looking to purchase a firearm, please give me a call to set up an appointment to get the perfect fit for your style and needs. Gregg Kielma 941 737-6956
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Home and Business Security & Safety: Building Peace of Mind Gregg Kielma Kielma advises, security is more than locks and alarms, it’s about creating an environment where people feel safe, prepared, and confident. Whether protecting your family at home or safeguarding your business, proactive measures make all the difference. Let’s take a LOOK. Home Security Essentials • Layered Protection: Combine physical barriers (locks, reinforced doors, secure windows) with modern technology (cameras, alarms, smart sensors). • Lighting Matters: Motion-activated exterior lights deter intruders and increase visibility around entry points. • Secure Entry Points: Deadbolts, strike plates, and reinforced garage doors add critical layers of defense. • Family Awareness: Teach household members to lock doors, verify visitors, and practice situational awareness. Business Security Priorities • Access Control: Use keycards, codes, or biometric systems to limit entry to authorized personnel. • Surveillance Systems: Modern cameras provide real-time monitoring and cloud storage for evidence if needed. • Employee Training: Staff should know emergency procedures, recognize suspicious activity, and understand their role in maintaining safety. • Cybersecurity Integration: Protect digital assets with strong passwords, firewalls, and regular updates—physical and digital security go hand in hand. The Human Factor Technology is powerful, but people make the difference. Responsible security practices, situational awareness, and ongoing training ensure preparedness for the unexpected. At Tactical K Training and Firearms, we emphasize education and readiness so our clients can protect what matters most, safely and responsibly.
Glock Firearms: A Standard of Excellence in Modern Shooting By Gregg Kielma These are my thoughts about Glock Firearms, in my opinion one of the top firearms in the world today. Please remember these are my thoughts and yours maybe different. At Tactical K Training and Firearms, we believe that responsible ownership begins with education and the right equipment. Few firearms embody reliability, innovation, and trust as strongly as Glock. For decades, Glock pistols have set the standard in performance, making them a preferred choice for law enforcement, military, and civilian shooters worldwide. 🔹 Reliability You Can Count On Glock pistols are engineered to function in the harshest conditions. Their reputation for durability and consistent performance ensures that whether you’re training at the range or relying on your firearm for personal defense, you can trust it to perform when it matters most. 🔹 Innovation That Changed the Industry When Glock introduced its polymer-frame pistols, it revolutionized the firearms world. Today, Glock continues to lead with designs that emphasize ergonomics, modularity, and adaptability features that benefit both new shooters and seasoned professionals. 🔹 Simplicity and Safety With fewer parts than many competitors, Glock pistols are easy to maintain and operate. This simplicity not only enhances safety but also makes them ideal for training environments where clarity and confidence are key. 🔹 Trusted Worldwide From police departments across the United States to military units abroad, Glock has earned global recognition. Its widespread adoption reflects a commitment to quality that resonates with professionals and responsible owners alike. 🔹 Building Skills and Community At Tactical K Training and Firearms, we use Glock pistols as part of our instruction because they embody the values we teach: safety, responsibility, and precision. Beyond their technical excellence, Glock firearms help foster a strong community of shooters who value tradition, innovation, and responsible ownership. Tactical Training and Firearms Commitment At Tactical K Training and Firearms, we don’t just provide instruction, we empower our clients with knowledge, confidence, and respect for the tools they use. Glock firearms align perfectly with that mission, offering a platform that is safe, reliable, and trusted worldwide. Gregg Kielma
The Gun Industry: Innovation, Responsibility, and Community by Gregg Kielma Tactical K Training and Firearms, we’re proud to be part of an industry that represents more than just tools — it embodies craftsmanship, responsibility, and tradition. 🔹 Innovation and Craftsmanship The firearms industry continues to advance with precision engineering, improved safety features, and cutting-edge optics. These innovations ensure that owners and professionals alike benefit from reliable, high-quality equipment. 🔹 Commitment to Safety Education is at the heart of responsible ownership. At Tactical K Training and Firearms, we emphasize proper handling, storage, and respect for firearms. By empowering our clients with knowledge, we help build a culture of responsibility that strengthens our community. 🔹 Economic and Community Impact The gun industry supports local businesses and skilled professionals across the country. Here in Florida, we’re proud to contribute to that growth by offering training and services that benefit both individuals and the broader community. 🔹 Tradition and Recreation From hunting and sport shooting to professional training, firearms connect people to tradition, discipline, and camaraderie. These activities foster respect, responsibility, and a shared appreciation for skill and safety. My final thoughts, at Tactical K Training and Firearms, we believe the gun industry is a positive force — one that blends innovation with responsibility, and tradition with community. Together, we continue to uphold the values of safety, professionalism, and respect. Gregg Kielma
Why You, friends and Family Should Consider a Concealed Carry Permit (CCW) By Gregg Kielma Your decision to obtain a Concealed Carry Weapon (CCW) permit is one rooted in personal responsibility, safety, and preparedness. While firearms ownership itself requires discipline and respect for the law, carrying concealed adds another layer of accountability that benefits both the individual and the community. Personal Protection A CCW empowers law-abiding citizens to defend themselves and their loved ones in situations where law enforcement may not be immediately available. Emergencies unfold in seconds, and having the ability to respond can mean the difference between vulnerability and safety. Legal Responsibility Holding a CCW demonstrates a commitment to following the law. Permit holders undergo background checks, training, and often continuing education, ensuring they understand both the legal and ethical responsibilities of carrying a firearm. Community Safety Responsible concealed carriers act as deterrents to crime. Criminals are less likely to target individuals or communities where citizens may be armed and prepared. This doesn’t mean vigilante justice—it means fostering a safer environment through lawful readiness. Confidence Through Training Most CCW programs require instruction in firearms safety, marksmanship, and situational awareness. This training builds confidence, reduces accidents, and ensures that carriers are prepared to act responsibly under stress. Here Is My Final Parting Thought as A CCW Instructor: A CCW is not just about carrying a firearm—it’s about embracing responsibility, protecting oneself and others, and contributing to a safer society. For those who value preparedness and accountability, obtaining a CCW is a meaningful step toward ensuring peace of mind in an unpredictable world. Kielma Tactical K Training and Firearms
Tactical K Training and Firearms Once Fired Brass Before Processing New Factory AMMO vs. Reloaded AMMO By Gregg Kielma I often get asked about reloading ammo with new or once-fired brass. Personally, I only use new or once-fired brass—never more than that—and I prefer Hodgdon powder and CCI primers. Some reloaders reuse brass several times, but I don't. Factory ammo is convenient and reliable; reloading saves money and allows customization. Your choice depends on whether you prioritize consistency and convenience or cost savings and flexibility. I reload all my own brass for range and self-defense use. Kielma says, LET’S TAKE A LOOK, my thoughts. New vs. Reloaded Ammunition: A Practical Comparison What Is New Ammo? New ammunition, often called factory ammo, is produced by manufacturers using brand-new components—fresh brass casings, primers, powder, and bullets. It is packaged, quality-tested, and ready to use straight out of the box. Key advantages: • Reliability: Factory ammo is manufactured under strict quality control, reducing the risk of misfires or inconsistencies. • Convenience: No time investment—simply purchase, load, and shoot. • Consistency: Ideal for defensive use, law enforcement, and competitive shooting where reliability is paramount. Drawbacks: • Cost: Factory ammo is generally more expensive, especially for high-volume shooters. • Availability: During shortages or price spikes, certain calibers may be difficult to find. What Is Reloaded Ammo? Reloaded ammunition—also called handloaded ammo—is made by reusing spent brass casings and replacing primers, powder, and bullets. Shooters either reload themselves or purchase reloads from trusted suppliers. Key advantages: • Cost Savings: Reloading can cut costs significantly, especially for rare calibers or high-volume shooting. • Customization: Reloaders can fine-tune loads for accuracy, recoil management, or specific firearms. • Independence: Less reliance on factory supply chains, which is valuable during ammo shortages. Drawbacks: • Time & Equipment: Reloading requires specialized tools, knowledge, and patience. • Safety Risks: Poorly reloaded rounds can cause malfunctions or damage firearms if not done correctly. • Inconsistency: Quality depends on the skill and attention of the reloader. Side-by-Side Comparison Factor New Ammo (Factory) My Reloaded Ammo Cost Higher per round Lower long-term, especially for rare calibers Reliability Very high Depends on reloader’s skill Convenience Ready to use Requires time, tools, and knowledge Off the shelf pretty box's Reloaded- Customization Limited Highly customizable (powder charge, bullet type, etc.) Best For Defense, duty, competition Practice, hunting, precision shooting, cost saving. Please note I make extremely reliable self-defense rounds, just like what comes off the shelf. Time and quality control are a must and my standard. Risks and Considerations • For defensive use: Some experts recommend sticking with factory ammo due to its proven reliability and legal defensibility. • For training and hunting: Reloads can be an excellent choice, offering affordability and tailored performance. • For beginners: Reloading requires careful study of manuals, adherence to safety practices, and investment in equipment. Kielma’s Conclusion New ammo is best when reliability and convenience matter most, while reloaded ammo shines for cost savings, customization, and independence. Many shooters use a mix—factory rounds for defense and reloaded ammo for practice or hunting. As a firearms instructor, and professional reloader, this comparison is meant be a teaching point for my students, friends and family: I empathize safety and reliability with factory ammo while introducing the benefits of reloaded ammo for those interested in deeper technical knowledge.
