.223-.556 Ammo Information

Gregory Kielma • October 21, 2023

223 Remington/5.56 x 45mm NATO Cartridge

223 Remington/5.56 x 45mm NATO Cartridge

Hey Gregory,


Today's workbench is written by guest contributor and AGI Certified Gunsmith and GCA Moderator Robert Dunn:


There isn’t a day of my life that goes by that I don’t work with, reload, think or write about the .223 Remington and 5.56 NATO cartridges. Those cartridges are what a couple of my favorite and most used rifles are chambered for.


When I worked in an ammunition factory, I would sometimes get paid in .223 ammunition. When I was growing up in the early 1970s I became familiar with the .223 Remington cartridge, as it was the new round being used by our Armed Forces.


Warfighters throughout the world had realized the advantage of automatic firepower, but finding the perfect firearm and cartridge design is a huge challenge. In the case of the .223 Remington, many sources helped bring this cartridge into use by both civilians and the military.


Eugene Stoner of ArmaLite (then a division of Fairchild Industries) had gained the attention of the Military with his 7.62 x 51mm chambered AR-10 rifle. Like many high powered rifles, the AR-10 was hard to control during automatic fire.


Consequently, Fairchild Industries and Stoner were asked to scale down the AR-10 to fire a smaller caliber cartridge. Stoner came up with a prototype AR-15 and after a demonstration for the army, he was asked to produce more rifles for testing in 1957.


Select engineers and other companies like Remington Arms, Winchester as well as ArmaLite were asked to take part in developing this project. Springfield Armory’s Earle Harvey lengthened the .222 Remington case to the required specifications and it became the .224 Springfield, which was commercially known as the .222 Remington Magnum.


Frank Snow (of Sierra Bullets) and Eugene Stoner calculated the ballistics data for the .222 Remington to find the best bullet for the project, which ended up being a 55 grain bullet. Meanwhile, the Technical Editor for Gun and Ammo magazine, Robert Hutton, worked up a propellant recipe that could attain a velocity of 3,300 fps. Ultimately, Remington came up with the .222 Special cartridge, which was later renamed the .223 Remington because there were so many .222 designations.


Just a few of the military requirements for the firearm and cartridges were that they needed to be able to penetrate one side of a US Steel helmet at 500 yards, had to be able to exceed supersonic speed at 500 yards, had to be .22 caliber and select fire. From years of research and development of the AR-10 and AR-15, ArmaLite was facing financial difficulties and sold the rights for the rifles to Colt in 1959.


The AR-15 and the T44E4 rifle that would later be known as the M14 were being testing at the same time. To make a long story short, it was found that the AR-15 had far less failures per 1,000 rounds fired and that riflemen had a higher hit probability when firing Stoner’s rifle.


After Air Force General Curtis Le May test fired the AR-15, he ordered a batch of AR-15s to replace some of the M2 carbines that the Air Force was using. As the trials and testing continued, it was found that during marksmanship testing that many more men were achieving Expert shooting status with the AR-15 than they were with the M14. With these findings and the failure rate of the AR-15 going down even further, General Le May placed an order for 80,000 rifles in 1961.


In 1962, Remington filed the specs for the .223 Remington cartridge with SAAMI (Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturer’s Institute) and the cartridge was later marketed commercially as a chambering for the Remington 760 rifle in 1963.


At this point in time, the United States was embroiled in the conflicts arising in Southeast Asia. It was politically decided that contracts for rifle manufacturing could be bid on by the private sector and Colt was awarded the contract to provide AR-15 rifles to fill orders for the Vietnam War.


The AR-15 rifle and the .223 Remington cartridge were formally adopted in 1964 and designated the XM16E1 rifle, commonly referred to as the M16, and the 5.56 Ball M193 cartridge. It was decided that the South Vietnamese troops would be supplied with the M16 rifle. Eventually, the Air Force, the US Army, Special Forces, the Coast Guard, the US Navy, the Marines as well as the SEAL teams had orders in for M16 rifles and cartridges. In 1965, Colt received orders for 800,000 M16E1 rifle and over 28,000 M16 rifles.


The M16 and the 5.56 Ball ammo would go through some major growing pains as the rifles and cartridges were issued to troops in Vietnam. Besides not being trained on how to properly clean the gun, the rifle suffered from many types of jams and failures.


Broken extractors and extractor springs accounted for many ejection failures and through more research, it was found that the propellant being used in the cartridges was creating horrific fouling of the gas and bolt system. The ball powder that was being used also created a longer pressure spike, which caused the case to expand in the chamber but it would not contract enough to be extracted.


The extractor would simply tear through the case rim, leaving the stuck case in the chamber. By using a different propellant, chrome plating the barrels and replacing the buffer with a new design that slowed down the cyclic rate, along with some other design changes, the problems were gradually sorted out. Unfortunately many American lives were lost because of these errors.


The process of selecting a smaller cartridge for use by NATO forces began in 1960. The cartridge design was based on the .223 Remington cartridge and its development was placed in the hands of FN Herstal. The rimless bottlenecked cartridge was named the 5.56 x 54mm NATO cartridge.


In 1980, the 5.56 NATO cartridge became the standard NATO rifle cartridge (known as the SS109 for NATO and the M855 for the United States). The 5.56mm cartridges allowed the soldier to be able to carry more ammunition, which equated to more firepower and logistically many more rounds could be transported to hot spots around the world by weight than the larger 7.62 NATO cartridges. On a global scale this can equal a savings of millions of dollars.


The number of firearms that are chambered for the 5.56 NATO cartridge is too numerous to list here. Just think about all of the different squad automatic weapons, rifles, carbines and machine guns that each NATO country uses…that is a lot of different weapons!


The Frankford Arsenal, Remington and Winchester produced the first lots of .223 ammunition for the United States Armed Forces. During the trials and testing of the AR-15, 19 Million .223 cartridges were purchased. When a cartridge does well for the military, the Law Enforcement and civilian communities usually follows their lead. If you have ever read the 27 page document for the military specifications for the M855 cartridge (5.56 x 54mm), you can see that heavy scrutiny has already been applied to the 5.56mm round!


The .223 Remington cartridge has become one of the most used cartridges in the United States. It is a great varmint and predator cartridge and could be used for larger game if need be by loading a heavier bullet like a Hornady GMX or Barnes TSX 70-grain projectiles. These slower moving heavier bullets seem to do quite well in windy conditions. The above attributes make the 5.56mm round a flexible survival cartridge too.


You may have noticed or even been annoyed by the interchanging .223/5.56 terminology, here are of the important similarities and difference between the two cartridges. The case dimensions are exactly the same, though case thickness/propellant capacity can vary significantly between manufacturers which will have an effect on the resulting pressures.


The 5.56 x 45mm NATO or other military 5.56 ammo tends to be loaded hotter, so chamber pressures will be greater than the typical .223 Remington load. For this reason, .223 Remington rounds can be safely fired in a 5.56 chambered gun but 5.56mm ammo should not be fired in a .223 Rem chambered gun.


The reason for this really comes down to the differences in the chamber dimensions between .223 and 5.56 barrels. The throat/free bore and leade of a 5.56mm chamber is longer. The throat of the chamber is the unrifled section of the chamber just forward of the neck and gives the bullet a place to sit. Leade or lead is the section of the bore of a rifled barrel located just ahead of the throat of the chamber. It is a conical shaped transition from end of the throat to the fully rifled part of the barrel.


In an effort to gain more accuracy from the 5.56mm NATO cartridge, Bill Wylde created the .223 Wylde, which is a chamber design that utilizes the same external dimensions and lead angle of a 5.56 NATO cartridge and the freebore diameter of the .223 Remington cartridge. Another company that uses a proprietary chamber design to achieve better accuracy from the 5.56mm NATO cartridge is Noveske. A Noveske barrel is not cheap but they are known for their precision and high quality products.


SAAMI specs are followed by manufacturers in the U.S. loading .223 Remington ammo but those same manufacturers who also load 5.56 ammo do not follow SAAMI specs because the 5.56 rounds are loaded to military specifications and thus not held to SAAMI specs. In Europe, the international organization C.I.P. tests and sets the safety standards for firearms and ammunition. In countries that are regulated by the C.I.P., .223 Remington ammunition is proof tested at the same maximum service pressure as the 5.56 x 54mm NATO cartridges.


There have been a lot of challenges that had to be met throughout the history of the AR-15 and the 5.56 x 54mm cartridge. The twist rate of a barrel and the chamber dimensions greatly effect performance and accuracy. The shorter barreled M4 carbines and the requests for even shorter barrel lengths coming from the Special Forces communities have kept firearms and ammunition engineers busy. At this point in time, the AR-15 style rifles and the .223 Rem and 5.56 NATO cartridges offer a very reliable and accurate shooting platform.

The AR-15 rifle and .223/5.56 cartridge combination have gone through many changes together. They are still being used by our Military/Law Enforcement and civilian populations to good affect every day. This combo is a must for 3-gun competition. The .223 Remington cartridge is not overly expensive and there is always a wide variety of ammunition to choose from. There is a lot of surplus ammo to select from as well. Many other firearms are chambered in .223 Rem besides the AR-15 type guns.


The 5.56mm round is a good cartridge to reload for, as there is a huge variety of quality components to choose from as well. In 1964, the year I was born, these cartridges were the new warfighting cartridge and the US Armed Forces began using them. It’s easy for me to remember how many years these cartridges have been in use!


Become an American Gunsmith and continue to preserve our Firearm’s Heritage!


Robert Dunn,
Gunsmith & Community Moderator
American Gunsmithing Institute
Gunsmithing Club of America

By Gregory Kielma September 15, 2025
Open carry is "the law of the state," Florida's top cop says The open carry of firearms is now legal in Florida thanks to a recent court decision deeming the state's ban on the practice unconstitutional, Attorney General James Uthmeier announced Monday. Why it matters: His guidance provides a statewide read of the appellate court decision amid differing interpretations by local law enforcement leaders. Driving the news: "As of last week, open carry is the law of the state," Uthmeier posted on X about the First District Court of Appeal's ruling, issued Wednesday. • Attached was a memo to Florida law enforcement agencies and state attorney's offices saying they "should refrain from arresting or prosecuting law-abiding citizens carrying a firearm in a manner that is visible to others." Between the lines: Although the nearly 40-year-old law banning the practice can only be repealed by the Legislature, several agencies indicated prior to Uthmeier's guidance that they would stop enforcing it. Yes, but: Some sheriffs — including those in Pinellas, Polk, Hernando and Manatee — said that open carry remains illegal until Sept. 25, after the 15-day window during which parties can appeal the court ruling. • "To be on the safe side, you probably don't want to change your actions until Sept. 25," Hernando County Sheriff Al Nienhuis said Monday in a Facebook Live video. • Uthmeier refuted that in his memo, citing legal precedent that says the effective date "is the date appearing on the face of the decision." The intrigue: Pinellas Sheriff Bob Gualtieri, who has long been against open carry, further questioned the reach of the ruling, saying Friday in a statement that Pinellas is under the jurisdiction of the Second District Court of Appeal, not the First. • Gualtieri also noted a previous Florida Supreme Court ruling that upheld the ban, saying that it may trump the lower court's decision. What they're saying: "We will follow the law and respect statutes and court decisions," said Gualtieri, who is also a lawyer. "However, we must know 'what' the law is and where it is applicable before we can decide 'what' and 'how' we enforce the law." • The agency will publish additional guidance to the public before Sept. 25, Gualtieri said, "but in the meantime, please remember, the open carry of guns in Florida is still unlawful." • Gualtieri did not immediately return Axios' request for comment Monday. Zoom out: Both local sheriffs and Uthmeier emphasized that last week's decision doesn't impact where you can bring a gun. • Private property owners maintain their right to ask those bearing arms to leave. • Guns remain banned at government buildings and meetings, schools, polling places, college campuses and bars.
By Gregory Kielma September 15, 2025
They killed the man… but they could never slay the idea. Charlie Kirk drew his last breath at the hands of a depraved assassin. He leaves behind a widow and two small children – one of whom instinctively ran to him for comfort after hearing the shot ring out. Charlie was a family man. A believer in fair, open-minded dialogue. A champion of good-faith debate. These things carried him… until that bullet stole his life. Take a moment. Let grief wash over you. Feel the ache for his wife, his children, his loved ones. This was no political encounter. This was an innocent soul, cut down while standing for what he believed. But here’s what they won’t understand: Charlie may have fallen, but the ideals he championed swirl stronger now than ever. A single bullet might end a heartbeat… but it cannot end the idea that beat within that heart. That idea is you. Millions across this nation stand in that very heartbeat. With courage. With conviction. With eyes wide open to the evil forces rising among people who are fundamentally at war against the principles that make this nation great, forces that traffic in coercion, in censorship, in an unhinged thirst for power. These are not abstract threats: they seek to break you, your family, your freedom. When they require silence, we must roar. When they want you cowed, we must stand tall. Now is no time for quiet compliance. Now is the time to organize, to rally, to fortify yourself politically and spiritually. To that end, Tactical K Training and Firearms is donating $1,000 to Turning Point USA… because we can’t think of a better way to pay tribute to this fallen Patriot, a God and family loving man for truth and freedom. We invite you to stand beside us. Please donate today. Every dollar you give fuels: • The courage to speak truth… even when the mob demands silence • The training to understand politics, policy, and our rights… so we can defend them • The infrastructure to build movements rooted in grace, strength, and unyielding hope Invest in the idea. Invest in your children’s future. Because they killed the man, but never the idea. And you are that idea alive, beating, and refusing to yield. Stand with us. Honor him. Protect your family’s freedom. Please give to Turning Point USA God Bless America, Charlie Kirk and his family.
By Gregory Kielma September 14, 2025
Recently a friend learned someone they know owns a firearm. How do I 'red flag' them so the government takes the firearm away and destroys it? Gregg Kielma Says Gregg Kielma, firearms Instructor, FFL Gunsmith and First Aid Fundamentals Instructor, "thank you, John, for your question, it highlights the reason why most gun owners protest red flag laws. It's because of people like you John, that believe that just owning a firearm is a crime. You are the one that cause legal firearms owner death of innocent people through lies and deceit. John, what do you think happens when the police come in the middle of the night with a no-knock warrant? The lies you told law enforcement concerning a legal firearm owner who use firearms for protection and their safety amounts to a crime. It sets the stage for armed confrontation and for what? A police officer or innocent homeowner dies because you don't like firearms and you're a liar? John, thank you for your question. This may help clarify why some people have concerns about red flag laws. John’ if you ever do such a thing you should go to jail for the rest of your life. No appeal, no questions—just time in a jail cell to reflect on your actions. Shame on you.
By Gregory Kielma September 14, 2025
If you are carrying a concealed firearm and are approached by someone with a knife with the intention of robbing you, should you threaten them by saying you have the gun, or draw it first? Thoughts from Tom H. Says Kielma, you give the commands, stop, stop, The perp has one of two choices, retreat or continue to advance. Either way you're in a very difficult position. Use distance and time to your advantage. Always be situationally aware. T he perp already knows the risks and is committed. See Tom’s reasoning below. Your gun is ‘all or none’. Don’t threaten, don’t brandish, don’t mess around. Use it, or don’t. Once you decide that you need to shoot and commit to that course of action, you draw and fire. If he didn’t get the picture in the half second or so you afforded him, that’s unfortunate for the perp. He should have thought about that when he decided to try to rob you with a deadly weapon. If he’s within twenty-one feet, or just a little more than the length of a full-sized pickup truck, you are essentially out of time. If he gets any closer before you decide to draw and fire, he can charge you and slash or stab you with his blade before you’ll be able to draw, aim, and fire at him. You might have hit him as he’s closing in, however, he’ll still have the inertia to reach you if you can’t make space between you and him. You also don’t know what he has in mind unless he says things that clue you in. He may be wanting to rob you, but he also may just want to stab you to death for whatever twisted reason his broken brain can conjure up. There may be someone or something he absolutely despises, and for some reason, when he looked at you, his delusional mind registers that. If he attempts to attack you with a knife, you counter his attack with your gun to keep his knife away from you.
By Gregory Kielma September 12, 2025
Common Myths and Misconceptions About Firearms and Ammo Gregg Kielma Firearms and ammunition tend to stir strong emotions and heated arguments. Some of that comes from genuine concerns, but just as much is fueled by myths that have been repeated so often they feel like fact. You'll hear them in news stories, political debates, gun shop chatter, and even around the dinner table1 claims about how guns work, how dangerous ammunition really is, and what different terms actually mean. If you want a real conversation about firearms, it helps to clear away the fog. Here's a closer look at some of the most persistent gun myths, with a dose of reality. Key Points • Inaccurate ideas about firearms from rumors, mass media, and political rhetoric can endanger people and distort policy debates. It's important to ground our perspectives in facts. Why These Myths Matter • Some of these misconceptions are harmless but others shape how people vote, legislate, and talk about safety. Believing that a suppressor makes a gun silent, for example, can lead to calls for bans based on an inaccurate picture of what they do. Thinking that ammo is dangerously unstable might cause unnecessary fear, while assuming a gun never needs cleaning could result in a dangerous malfunction. Reliable information enables safe gun maintenance, clarifies risks for non-owners, and ensures informed public discussion. For those wanting more gun regulations, understanding how they work can help focus political effort on things that really will help improve public safety, not just assuage public opinion. Myth 1: "Silencers" Make Guns Whisper-Quiet • In Hollywood, the hitman fires a pistol with a little metal tube on the end and all you hear is a soft pfft. The truth is far less sneaky. A suppressor often called a "silencer “doesn’t make a gunshot silent. It simply reduces the noise by about 20 to 35 decibels, which is enough to make shooting safer for hearing but nowhere near silent. A typical suppressed handgun is still as loud as a jackhammer. It won't go unnoticed, and hearing protection is still a must at the range. Suppressors are about reducing ear damage and improving shooter comfort, not about turning gunfire into a whisper. Myth 2: Ammunition "Goes Off" Easily • Some imagine that a box of cartridges is like a row of tiny grenades, ready to detonate if dropped or left in the sun. A bullet fires only when its primer is sharply struck, usually by a gun's firing pin. Dropping a round might dent the casing or damage the bullet, but it won't cause the kind of dramatic explosion you see in movies. Extreme heat can make ammo dangerous, and rounds tossed into a fire may pop. But without a gun barrel to contain and direct the energy, the bullet isn't going to rocket across the room like a miniature missile. Safe storage still matters, but the odds of "accidental" firing from normal handling are extremely low. Myth 3: Modern Civilian Guns Are "Machine Guns" • A common confusion exists between semi-automatic and fully automatic firearms. Civilian rifles that resemble military models are typically semi-automatic, firing one round per trigger pull. In contrast, fully automatic weapons—often called machine guns—fire continuously while the trigger is held and have been strictly regulated in the U.S. since 1934. Visual similarity does not mean identical function. Myth 4: Bigger Caliber Means Guaranteed "Stopping Power • Pop culture often portrays larger bullets as having greater effects, but while bigger calibers can generate more energy, shot placement is generally more important for stopping a threat. A small round placed accurately may be more effective than a larger one that does not hit vital areas. Medical studies indicate that there is no specific bullet size that ensures instant incapacitation, except for explosive devices such as grenades. Actual outcomes are influenced by factors like target movement, shooter accuracy, ammunition design, and chance. Myth 5: Ballistic "Fingerprints" Are Foolproof • Crime shows often portray forensic experts matching a recovered bullet to a specific gun with certainty. While it's true that rifling in a barrel leaves unique marks on bullets, these markings can change over time as the barrel wears. Poor-quality ammo, damaged bullets, or environmental factors can make identification harder. In the real world, ballistic matching can be a valuable investigative lead, but it's far from the flawless "fingerprint" you see on TV. Myth 6: You Don't Need to Clean Modern Guns • Some owners believe that advancements in modern manufacturing make gun cleaning less necessary. While many contemporary firearms are more corrosion-resistant than older models, regular maintenance remains important. Powder residue, dirt, and moisture can cause malfunctions, particularly with frequent use or improper storage. Cleaning and applying lubrication support reliable firearm function. For guns kept loaded for home defense, periodic inspection and maintenance—at least every few months, or sooner if fired—is recommended. Myth 7: "Smart Guns" Are Common and Reliable • Smart guns, designed to work only for authorized users via fingerprint or RFID technology, remain costly, slow, and prone to malfunction in real-world scenarios. Adoption by police, military, and civilians has been minimal. Colorado's Bio fire is among the first to offer a biometric gun with facial recognition. Myth 8: Gunshots Have Great Range and Accuracy • Many people believe firearms can easily hit distant targets, but actual effective range varies by firearm type, ammunition, and shooter skill. Most handguns are reliable up to 25–60 yards, while rifles require training and good equipment for consistent long-range accuracy—details often overlooked in movies. Myth 9: "Armor-Piercing" Ammo Is Everywhere • The term "armor-piercing" is often misused. Police body armor stops most handgun rounds, but some rifle cartridges can penetrate based on bullet type, velocity, and armor rating. True armor-piercing rounds are military-grade and illegal for civilians. Myth 10: Ammunition Expires Quickly • Ammunition has a shelf life of decades when stored in a cool, dry place away from temperature extremes. Many World War II surplus rounds still function reliably. However, any ammo showing signs of corrosion, swelling, or damage should be safely discarded. Myth 11: Explosions, Richochets, and More • Films often depict cars exploding when shot, bullets propelling individuals backward, and ricochets occurring on any metal surface. Gunfire rarely causes cars to explode, as gasoline must vaporize and mix with air at a specific concentration for an explosion to occur, and vehicles are constructed to reduce fuel explosion risks. Individuals struck by bullets typically fall in place or stumble rather than being forcefully moved. Ricochets are less frequent than commonly portrayed; their occurrence and behavior depend on the bullet type, the material's hardness, and the angle of impact.
By Gregory Kielma September 11, 2025
Gun recovered in Charlie Kirk assassination revealed — and ammo bore pro-trans, anti-fascist messages A rifle recovered in the hunt for conservative influencer Charlie Kirk’s assassin contained ammo engraved with “transgender and anti-fascist ideology,” according to preliminary reports from law enforcement sources. The weapon — an imported .30-06-caliber Mauser bolt-action rifle was discovered wrapped in a towel by investigators in a wooded area following the killing of the conservative leading light, who was shot once while speaking at an event at Utah Valley University on Wednesday, according to the memo. A bolt-action rifle recovered near the scene where Charlie Kirk was fatally shot is seen in a photo obtained by the New York Post. Obtained by the NY Post A source familiar noted that the Justice Department is investigating the descriptions alleged in the ATF memo, but that the agency was unable to confirm that the description matched the evidence recovered at the scene. Kirk, 31, was struck in the neck by a single shot fired from a distance of around 200 yards while answering an audience member’s question about mass shootings committed by transgender people. A surveillance image of the person of interest wanted for the shooting of Charlie Kirk. Sources said they believe the fatal shot was a high-caliber round — similar to the ammo used in long-range sniper rifles or for hunting big game. The father of two and Turning Point USA founder was rushed to a nearby hospital, where he was later pronounced dead.
By Gregory Kielma September 9, 2025
If someone is pointing a gun on you, would you still try to draw your gun? Gregg Kielma No. Not while they are looking directly at me anyway. That’s a good way to end up shot or possible dead. You wait your turn. Anyone carrying a concealed firearm should have at least a 1.5 second draw to the first shot time. So, the idea is to wait until the chance presents itself and then go to work. That is called “waiting your turn”. For example, if someone is pointing a gun at you and they turn their head to look at something else and their ear is towards you, that means it is now your turn. With a 1.5 second draw to the first shot time, if his ear is towards you, you can literally put a couple bullets in the guy before he has time for his mind to register what is going on and react. A 1.5 second draw to the first shot is not that hard to accomplish. Anyone who is a concealed carrier should be able to achieve a 1.5 second draw to first shot. If the perp turns the back of his head towards you, it gets even better for you because now all you need is about a 2.5 second draw to the first shot time which is easy to accomplish with practice. However, if the perp is looking directly at you… it’s practically a no-win situation for you so it’s almost always better to wait your turn. I highly suggest training with Tactical K Training and Firearms today. There is information on the website to sign up for class with a certified instructor. We will conduct real self-defense encounters, break down the options, analyze what is happening, and teach you about when and how to react. It’s lifesaving information. Please call or sign up today.
By Gregory Kielma September 7, 2025
Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis has shown the country how pro-gun governors operate By Lee Williams Every morning as I don my Staccato 9mm and my Microtech automatic knife without any permits or paperwork cluttering my wallet, I realize that these freedoms would never have taken place without the honest pro-gun leadership of Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis. Law-abiding Floridians no longer need to apply in writing or pay a state fee to carry a concealed weapon. Gov. DeSantis saw to that. For the state’s millions of gun owners, our 46-year-old, soon-to-be-former governor has been a true friend. Unfortunately, DeSantis is term-limited and barred from running again. Fortunately, during his terms in office, the good governor gave gun owners one heck of a good ride. Let’s take a close look at his pro-gun accomplishments. Permitless concealed carry On April 3, 2023, in Florida’s state capitol of Tallahassee, Gov. DeSantis signed House Bill (HB) 543, which strengthened Floridians’ Second Amendment rights by allowing concealed weapons to be carried without a state permit. Concealed-carry permits are still available but are no longer required. “Constitutional Carry is in the books,” Desantis said at the time. Florida became the 26th state to enact concealed-carry legislation. However, Open Carry remains prohibited. According to state law, Floridians may only carry an exposed handgun “while traveling to or from fishing, camping, hunting or target shooting.” “Would be great to see it hit my desk — Florida needs to join the overwhelming majority of states and protect this right,” DeSantis posted about Open Carry on X. DeSantis has promised he would change this and sign Open Carry legislation; however, the state’s Republican-led legislature has never given him a bill to sign, and they have never fully explained why. Some believe tourism – Disney and the beaches – as well as the powerful Florida Sheriffs Association could be the reasons why millions of Floridians do not yet enjoy all of their Second Amendment rights. Florida State Guard In December 2021, while Joe Biden occupied the White House, DeSantis created the Florida State Guard, a 200-member volunteer paramilitary force that answered to him, not Joe Biden. The Florida State Guard assists the Florida National Guard in state emergencies. DeSantis noted that the Florida State Guard was not “encumbered by the federal government,” and that the unit would give him “the flexibility and the ability needed to respond to events in our state in the most effective way possible.” Florida, he pointed out, has always been one of the most pro-military and veteran-friendly states. “We are proud of our veterans and active-duty military members and proud of what our communities do to support them,” DeSantis said in a press release. “Florida is one of the most veteran friendly states and I think there are very few places that you would rather be on duty than in the state of Florida. As a veteran, I really appreciate what everyone who wears the uniform does in our state and am excited about these proposals – they will go a long way and have a meaningful impact. In Florida, we are going to continue our momentum of supporting our military, supporting our veterans and being good stewards of our military installations.” Other 2A actions Last May, DeSantis ended a confusing portion of state law that automatically imposed reprehensible firearm restrictions during a local state of emergency.
By Gregory Kielma September 7, 2025
Jefferson Parish Man Guilty of Possessing Machine Gun Thursday, September 4, 2025 U.S. Attorney's Office, Eastern District of Louisiana shane.jones@usdoj.gov NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA – Acting U.S. Attorney Michael M. Simpson announced that on August 21, 2025, JAHBRELL PRICE (“PRICE”), age 25, of Marrero, La. plead guilty before United States District Judge Nannette Jolivette Brown to a two-count indictment pending against him. Count 1 charged PRICE with possession with the intent to distribute a controlled substance, in violation of Title 21, United States Code, Sections 841(a)(1) and 841(b)(3). Count 2 charged PRICE with possession of a machine gun, in violation of Title 18, United States Code, Sections 922(o) and 924(a)(2). Sentencing is set for December 4, 2025. According to court documents, on January 7, 2024, Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s Office detectives located PRICE at a motel in the 6700 block of Westbank Expressway, Marrero, Louisiana. He was taken into custody for an outstanding Orleans Parish arrest warrant. Detectives then secured a search warrant for PRICE’s hotel room and located twenty (20) bottles of promethazine (9,460 ml), $1,375.00 in United States currency, and a Glock Model 45 nine-millimeter handgun with an attached external and visible machine gun conversion device. PRICE faces up to 1 year imprisonment, up to a $100,000 fine, and a $50 mandatory special assessment fee as to Count One, and up to 10 years imprisonment, up to a $250,000 fine, and up to 3 years of supervised release for Count Two, as well as payment of a $100 mandatory special assessment fee for each count. This case is part of Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN), a program bringing together all levels of law enforcement and the communities they serve to reduce violent crime and gun violence, and to make our neighborhoods safer for everyone. On May 26, 2021, the Department launched a violent crime reduction strategy strengthening PSN based on these core principles: fostering trust and legitimacy in our communities, supporting community-based organizations that help prevent violence from occurring in the first place, setting focused and strategic enforcement priorities, and measuring the results. Acting U.S. Attorney Michael M. Simpson praised the work of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms. The case was prosecuted by Assistant United States Attorney Mary Katherine Kaufman of the General Crimes Unit . Contact Shane M. Jones Public Information Officer United States Attorney’s Office, Eastern District of Louisiana United States Department of Justice Updated September 4, 2025
By Gregory Kielma September 7, 2025
Laredo Weapons Trafficking Coordinator Pleads Guilty to Charges for Conspiring to Smuggle Military Grade Firearms to Mexican Drug Cartel U.S. Attorney's Office, Western District of Texas SAN ANTONIO – A Laredo man pleaded guilty in a federal court in San Antonio today to four conspiracy counts related to his role as the coordinator for a weapons trafficking organization that illegally obtained hundreds of firearms and smuggled them from the U.S. to Mexico in support of the Cartel Del Noreste (CDN). According to court documents, Gerardo Rafael Perez Jr. aka Jerry, 24, and his network of straw purchasers illicitly obtained the firearms, including FNH SCAR rifles, Barrett .50 caliber rifles, FNH M249S rifles, M240s and M1919s, from gun stores and unlicensed dealers in San Antonio and other Texas cities. They also acquired FightLite MCR belt-fed upper receivers, which allow standard AR-15 lower receivers to use belt-fed ammunition and provide for a greater capacity of continuous fire before reloading. Perez directed the acquisition, trafficking, and illegal export of guns and parts in support of the cartel, all without an export license or a license to deal firearms. Agents searched for the cell phones of multiple straw purchasers of firearms who were receiving directions from Perez, revealing communications in which Perez sent instructions on specific guns to buy from specific sellers across Texas. On one occasion, a straw purchaser purchased six firearms for Perez in San Antonio with nearly $50,000 in cash, including three FN SCAR 17S 7.62 caliber rifles, an FN SCAR 20S 7.62 caliber rifle, an FN M249S belt-fed rifle 5.56 caliber, and a Barrett M82A1 .50 caliber rifle, all which Perez acquired for the purpose of delivery to Mexico. Communications showed Perez telling another straw purchaser he was obliterating serial numbers from trafficked guns so there was no way the gun could be tracked to the original seller. On Sept. 26, 2023, law enforcement conducted a search of Perez’s residence and recovered multiple firearms and various types of ammunition, blank ATF Form 4473s, and CDN jewelry. Agents seized and searched Perez’s cell phone and found photos depicting him in tactical gear and wearing CDN jewelry, as well as photos of numerous guns. His phone also contained messages in which Perez solicited firearms, coordinated their purchase, and negotiated prices with sellers. Perez was arrested March 20, 2024, along with co-defendants Antonio Osiel Casarez, Luis Matias Leal, Francisco Alejandro Benavides Jr., and Mark Anthony Trevino Jr. Three other co-defendants, Gerardo Ibarra Jr., Gerardo Corona Jr., and Jose Emigdio Q. Mendoza were named in an earlier indictment and arrested in 2023. The ninth and tenth co-defendants, Armando Mata Jr., and Felipe Vasquez III, were charged in a superseding indictment and arrested in March 2025. Perez pleaded guilty today to conspiracy to traffic firearms, conspiracy to straw purchase firearms, conspiracy to smuggle goods from the United States, and conspiracy to possess firearms in furtherance of a drug trafficking crime. He faces up to 25 years in federal prison. A federal district court judge will determine any sentence after considering the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines and other statutory factors. U.S. Attorney Justin R. Simmons for the Western District of Texas made the announcement. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives and Homeland Security Investigations are investigating the case. Assistant U.S. Attorney William Calve is prosecuting the case. This case is part of Operation Take Back America, a nationwide initiative that marshals the full resources of the Department of Justice to repel the invasion of illegal immigration, achieve the total elimination of cartels and transnational criminal organizations (TCOs), and protect our communities from the perpetrators of violent crime. Operation Take Back America streamlines efforts and resources from the Department’s Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces (OCDETFs) and Project Safe Neighborhood (PSN). ### Contact USATXW.MediaInquiry@usdoj.gov Updated September 4, 2025